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2020

  • 3 min read

Install Ubuntu 20.04 LTS on MacBook Pro 14,1

Ubuntu 20.04 has just been released, and I couldn't wait to try it out and install it on my MacBook Pro 14.1 model. In this post, I will detail what works, what doesn't, and how to work around those issues.

The installation steps are simple:

  1. Download a copy of the Ubuntu 20.04 ISO image from https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop.
  2. Obtain a USB drive and format it to FAT via macOS Disk Utility.
  3. Use Etcher to create a bootable USB drive. You can download the software here.
  4. After flashing the drive with the ISO image, reboot your Mac and press the Option key to select booting from the USB drive.

Once you start booting from the USB drive, you'll notice that the trackpad doesn't work. However, you can either use an external mouse or continue the installation via keyboard. (You can fix the driver issue later, as outlined below.) Follow the on-screen instructions, and you should be able to boot into the Ubuntu operating system. One thing I appreciate about this version is that the boot screen is black instead of the purple seen in previous versions.

Out of the box, the following features work:

  • Keyboard with backlight
  • Screen display and graphics card
  • WiFi connectivity
  • USB ports
  • Battery

Here's what doesn't work by default:

  • Speakers (workaround: use external headphones or HDMI on an external monitor, or fix with this driver)
  • Trackpad (workaround: use an external mouse or install the driver here)
  • Bluetooth (can be fixed by installing this driver; note that if you encounter a 404 error while trying to download version 5.4.0, editing the script to use version 5.4.1 should work)
  • Camera (can be fixed by installing this driver)

If you encounter an error while installing the camera driver, you can resolve it by modifying your Makefile:

Change:

    install:
      $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install

to

    install:
      cp facetimehd.ko /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/extra; depmod -a

Additional customizations I recommend after installation include:

  • Switching to dark mode.
  • Displaying battery percentage by running:
  gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface show-battery-percentage true
  • Installing GNOME Tweaks.
  • Installing Ubuntu restricted extras:
  sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras
  • Installing the Atom editor:
  wget -qO - [https://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/gpgkey](https://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/gpgkey) | sudo apt-key add -
  sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] [https://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/any/](https://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/any/) any main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/atom.list'
  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install atom
  • Disabling the trackpad while typing:
  gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad disable-while-typing true

With these steps, you should now have a secure and high-performance operating system. Though the journey with Linux can be challenging, it's rewarding because of the customization options and the learning experiences it offers. Proceed with caution, though: while you can create all sorts of customizations, you can also crash your system if you don't know what you're doing. If you have any questions or comments, feel free to get in touch.

  • in zh
  • 2 min read

在 MacBook Pro 14,1 上安裝 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

Ubuntu 20.04 剛剛問世，我迫不及待想要在我的 MacBook Pro 14.1 模型上試用並安裝它。在這篇文章中，我將詳述哪些東西能運作、哪些不能，以及如何解決這些問題。

安裝步驟很簡單：

  1. 從 https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop 下載 Ubuntu 20.04 ISO 映像檔。
  2. 獲取一個 USB 隨身碟並透過 macOS 磁片工具將其格式化為 FAT。
  3. 使用 Etcher 建立可啟動的 USB 隨身碟。你可以在 這裡 下載該軟體。
  4. 在將 ISO 映像檔燒錄到 USB 隨身碟之後，重啟你的 Mac 並按 Option 鍵以選擇從 USB 碟機開機。

一旦你開始從 USB 隨身碟開機，你會注意到觸控板不起作用。然而，你可以使用外接滑鼠或繼續用鍵盤進行安裝。 (如下所述，稍後可以修復驅動程式問題。) 按照屏幕上的指示操作，你應該可以順利開啟 Ubuntu 操作系統。我對這個版本很欣賞的一點是，開機畫面是黑色的，而不是在以前的版本中看到的紫色。

以下特性開箱即用：

  • 有背光的鍵盤
  • 螢幕顯示和顯示卡
  • WiFi 連線
  • USB 插口
  • 電池

以下是預設不能運作的：

  • 揚聲器 (解決方法：使用外接耳機或透過外部監視器上的 HDMI，或者使用這個驅動程式修復)
  • 觸控板 (解決方法：使用外接滑鼠或安裝這裡的驅動程式)
  • 藍牙 (可以透過安裝這個驅動程式修復。請注意，如果在嘗試下載 5.4.0 版本時遇到 404 錯誤，修改腳本以使用 5.4.1 版本應該可以解決問題)
  • 攝像頭 (可以透過安裝這個驅動程式修復)

如果在安裝攝像頭驅動程式時遇到錯誤，你可以通過修改你的 Makefile 解決：

選擇：

    install:
      $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install

更改為

    install:
      cp facetimehd.ko /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/extra; depmod -a

我推薦的安裝後的其他自定義操作包括：

  • 切換到深色模式。
  • 顯示電池百分比，運行：
  gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface show-battery-percentage true
  • 安裝 GNOME Tweaks。
  • 安裝 Ubuntu restricted extras：
  sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras
  • 安裝 Atom 編輯器：
  wget -qO - [https://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/gpgkey](https://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/gpgkey) | sudo apt-key add -
  sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] [https://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/any/](https://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/any/) any main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/atom.list'
  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install atom
  • 在鍵盤輸入時禁用觸控板：
  gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad disable-while-typing true

有了這些步驟，你現在應該擁有一個安全且高效能的操作系統。雖然 Linux 的旅程可能充滿挑戰，但由於它提供的自定義選項和學習經驗，使得這個旅程變得非常有價值。不過要謹慎行事：雖然你可以創建各種自定義選項，但如果你不知道自己在做什麼，也可能會導致你的系統崩潰。如果你有任何問題或意見，歡迎隨時與我聯繫。

  • 2 min read

Handling Browser Close Events with JavaScript

In certain scenarios, you may not want users to close their browser and exit the session. For instance, if a user is in the middle of filling out a form without saving, or in the midst of a payment transaction that hasn't been completed, you could prompt the user with a confirmation dialog when they attempt to close the browser.

Here's what the dialog looks like in Chrome:

And in Firefox:

This functionality can be implemented by using the beforeunload event in JavaScript. Add the following code to your web page:

window.addEventListener("beforeunload", event => {
  // Cancel the event as specified by the standard.
  event.preventDefault()
  // Chrome requires returnValue to be set.
  event.returnValue = ""
})

Note that this event will only trigger if the user has had some interaction with the page. Otherwise, it won't activate. Additionally, the event will be triggered in the following three scenarios:

  1. The user clicks to close the browser.
  2. The user clicks to refresh the page.
  3. The user clicks the back button.

If you want to remove this confirmation dialog, perhaps after the user has saved the form or completed the payment transaction, you can do so like this:

window.removeEventListener("beforeunload", callback)

Since the primary purpose of this dialog is to remind users to save their changes before leaving, there is no additional event listener to capture the result of the exit dialog. In other words, you can't determine whether the user chose to leave or stay on the page.

For more information, you can consult the latest MDN Web Docs here: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/beforeunload_event

  • in zh
  • 1 min read

使用JavaScript處理瀏覽器關閉事件

在某些情況下，你可能不希望用戶關閉瀏覽器並退出會話。例如，如果用戶在填寫表單沒有保存，或者在還沒完成的付款交易中，他們嘗試關閉瀏覽器時，你可以提示用戶確認對話框。

以下是對話框在Chrome中的樣子：

在Firefox中：

這個功能可以通過在JavaScript中使用 beforeunload 事件來實現。將下面的代碼添加到你的網頁中：

window.addEventListener("beforeunload", event => {
  // 根據標準取消事件。
  event.preventDefault()
  // Chrome要求設置returnValue。
  event.returnValue = ""
})

請注意，只有在用戶與頁面有些許交互時，這個事件才會觸發。否則，這個功能將不會啟動。另外，用戶在以下三種情況下觸發事件：

  1. 用戶點擊關閉瀏覽器。
  2. 用戶點擊刷新頁面。
  3. 用戶點擊後退按鈕。

如果你想要移除這個確認對話框，例如在用戶已經保存表格或完成付款交易後，你可以這樣做：

window.removeEventListener("beforeunload", callback)

由於此對話框的主要目的是提醒用戶在離開之前保存他們的更改，所以沒有額外的事件監聽器來捕獲退出對話框的結果。換句話說，你無法確定用戶選擇了離開還是繼續留在頁面上。

要獲得更多信息，你可以查閱最新的MDN Web Docs： https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/beforeunload_event

  • 1 min read

Import npm Modules into AWS Lambda Function

When you create a Node.js Lambda function on Amazon Web Services (AWS) and begin editing it using the online editor, you might want to run npm install and import a third-party library, such as lodash. Unfortunately, there's no simple way to do this via the web portal.

To accomplish this, you'll need to write your code in a local environment and then deploy it. First, create a folder on your machine and copy the index.js file into it. Next, run the following commands to initialize your project and install the dependency:

    npm init .
    npm install lodash --save

To use the library in index.js, add the following line:

let _ = require("lodash")

Once you've finished writing your code, zip the entire folder, including the node_modules directory, using this command:

    zip -r function.zip .

Finally, deploy the zip file using the AWS CLI tool from your terminal:

    aws lambda update-function-code --function-name yourFunctionName --zip-file fileb://function.zip

Replace the yourFunctionName placeholder with the name of your function. If the deployment is successful, you should see "LastUpdateStatus": "Successful" displayed in the terminal, and you can proceed to test the function in the AWS console.

  • in zh
  • 1 min read

將 npm 模組導入 AWS Lambda 函數

當您在 Amazon Web Services (AWS) 上創建 Node.js Lambda 函數並開始使用線上編輯器進行編輯時，您可能會想要運行 npm install 並導入第三方庫，例如 lodash。不幸的是，透過網頁入口無法簡單地做到這一點。

要做到這一點，您需要在本地環境中編寫代碼，然後部署它。首先，在您的機器上創建一個資料夾，並將 index.js 文件複製到其中。接下來，運行以下命令以初始化您的項目並安裝相關性：

    npm init .
    npm install lodash --save

要在 index.js 中使用庫，添加以下行：

let _ = require("lodash")

當您完成編寫代碼後，使用以下命令壓縮整個資料夾，包括 node_modules 目錄：

    zip -r function.zip .

最後，使用 AWS CLI 工具從您的終端部署 zip 文件：

    aws lambda update-function-code --function-name yourFunctionName --zip-file fileb://function.zip

將 yourFunctionName 佔位符替換為您的函數名稱。如果部署成功，您應該會在終端中看到 "LastUpdateStatus": "Successful"，然後您可以在 AWS 控制臺中進行函數測試。

  • 1 min read

Fix WordPress Plugin Installation Permission Issue

Problem

When attempting to install a plugin in WordPress, I encountered the following error:

Installation failed: Download failed. Destination directory for file streaming does not exist or is not writable.

This issue arises due to permission problems within the content folder. I had been editing some files as a superuser (sudo su), but the installation requires write access for the ec2-user.

Solution

Assuming you are setting up on AWS EC2 instances and are logged in as ec2-user, and assuming that WordPress is located in the /var/www path, execute the following command to change the ownership:

sudo chown -R ec2-user:apache /var/www

After changing the ownership, you should now be able to successfully install the plugin.

  • in zh
  • 1 min read

修復WordPress插件安裝權限問題

問題

當我嘗試在WordPress中安裝插件時，遇到了以下錯誤：

安裝失敗：下載失敗。檔案串流的目標目錄不存在，或者無法寫入。

這個問題是由於內容文件夾的權限問題導致的。我已經以超級用戶（sudo su）的身份編輯了一些文件，但安裝需要ec2-user的寫入權限。

解決方案

假設你在AWS EC2實例上進行設定，並且已登入為ec2-user，並假設WordPress位於/var/www路徑中，執行以下命令以更改所有權：

sudo chown -R ec2-user:apache /var/www

改變所有權後，你現在應該可以成功地安裝插件。

  • 1 min read

Fix WordPress with All Pages Returning 404 Not Found

Problem

I encountered a strange issue with WordPress: while the homepage loaded properly, all the other pages failed to do so. Instead, an error page displayed the message:

Not Found

The requested URL was not found on this server.

However, since I had migrated the files from another server, all the pages should already exist. I suspected that the .htaccess file might be the culprit, but after hours of troubleshooting, I still had no clue.

Solution

As it turns out, in my case, the .htaccess file was correctly configured. The issue lay elsewhere. To resolve it, edit the httpd.conf file:

    sudo vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Locate the section that starts with:

    <Directory "/var/www/html">

Change the configuration from AllowOverride None to:

    AllowOverride All

Finally, restart the server:

    sudo systemctl restart httpd

After doing this, all the pages should render properly.

  • in zh
  • 1 min read

修復WordPress，所有頁面都返回404未找到

問題

我遇到了一個關於WordPress的奇怪問題：首頁可以正常加載，但所有其他頁面都無法做到。相反，錯誤頁面顯示了這樣的信息：

未找到

找不到請求的URL在此服務器上。

然而，由於我已經將檔案從另一台服務器遷移過來，所以所有頁面都應該已經存在。我懷疑.htaccess檔案可能是問題所在，但經過幾個小時的故障排除，我仍然沒有線索。

解決方案

事實證明，在我的情況下，.htaccess檔案配置正確。問題在於其他地方。要解決它，编辑httpd.conf檔案：

    sudo vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

找到以以下開頭的部分：

    <Directory "/var/www/html">

將配置從AllowOverride None改為：

    AllowOverride All

最後，重啟服務器：

    sudo systemctl restart httpd

做完這些，所有頁面都應該可以正常顯示。